2024 survey analysis: Wind observation & optimization on WASP vessels

Two years ago, we conducted a survey together with International Windship Association (IWSA) on wind measurement technologies for wind-assisted vessels. The survey revealed critical insights into the industry’s challenges and needs, including: 

• The demand for accurate and undisturbed wind data
• Operational efficiency improvements through remote wind monitoring
• Wind nowcasting to optimize WASP system performance

These insights have influenced our approach to developing more effective solutions for maritime operations, supporting the industry’s transition towards sustainability.

In our 2024 follow-up survey, conducted in partnership with the International Windship Association (IWSA), offers fresh insights into the evolving challenges and opportunities in optimizing WASP systems. Here, we share the key findings and trends shaping the future of wind propulsion.

Three-fourths of survey participants represent WASP system suppliers, encompassing technologies like wings, soft sails, rotors, rigid sails, and suction sails. The remaining respondents are from shipping companies operating vessels such as roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) carriers, bulk carriers, and tankers.

Local wind measurement is a growing priority

75% of respondents rated local wind measurements as "very important" for optimizing WASP performance, a significant rise from 2022, where only 20% rated local wind measurements as very important. Ultrasonic anemometers remain the primary instrument for capturing this data, offering reliability and precision.

Wind measurements are essential for real-time adjustments, which enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Over 87% of respondents confirmed that local wind data helps optimize their WASP systems, while half cited its role in improving safety, ensuring systems are only active in optimal wind conditions.

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Weather forecasts optimize WASP systems

More than 80% of respondents use weather forecasts to optimize their wind propulsion systems, highlighting the importance of integrating predictive data. Real-time local wind data supports immediate adjustments, while forecasts aid in strategic planning.

Over 30% of respondents prioritize local wind observations over forecasts for their accuracy and immediacy. However, a growing number value both equally, signaling a trend toward integrating real-time and predictive data for holistic system optimization.

Key challenges and measurement needs

Respondents identified several key challenges in current wind measurement technologies for WASP optimization:

• High-fidelity, reliable wind data that minimizes noise and interference
• Usage of advanced tools like wind lidar for undisturbed wind data for predictive adjustments
• Comprehensive wind field analysis to account for environmental complexities rather than relying on limited or single-point data
• Strategic placement of sensors to avoid disturbed airflows and obtain accurate wind readings
• Cost-effective solutions that meet regulatory requirements

As one respondent noted, "For validation, getting undisturbed wind data by lidar is paramount." This sentiment underscores the growing demand for advanced solutions that enhance accuracy and reliability.

Strengths and weaknesses of wind sensors

Ultrasonic anemometers are the most widely used sensors, as nearly 70% of survey respondents use them to measure wind conditions, due to their precision, durability, and low maintenance needs. However, mechanical anemometers still hold relevance for their cost-effectiveness. 

The mast and bridge are the preferred locations for wind sensors, offering high accuracy by avoiding structural interferences. Preferences for multiple sensors are also increasing, with 63% of respondents now favoring three or more sensors to ensure comprehensive data collection.

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Rise of remote wind monitoring

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Over 80% of respondents are familiar with remote monitoring technologies like wind lidar. Its recognized benefits include real-time WASP system adjustment, improved safety, and predictive capabilities for better route optimization.

The shift toward lidar technologies reflects the industry’s increasing reliance on advanced, forward-looking solutions. Nearly 70% selected remote wind data from lidar-based measurements as a preferred source to measure wind. This preference highlights the perceived value of obtaining undisturbed wind data from a distance, as remote wind measurements can capture upstream wind conditions — allowing for predictive adjustments in the wind propulsion system.

A bright future for WASP technology

Our 2024 wind survey underscores the critical role of accurate wind measurement and weather forecasting in optimizing WASP systems. Industry professionals are optimistic about the future, with a clear focus on integrating advanced technologies, like remote wind monitoring, to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability.

At Vaisala, we are proud to support this transformation with cutting-edge wind sensing solutions and insights derived from industry partnerships. Together, we can harness the power of wind for a sustainable maritime future.

Explore this Industry Insight guide for key findings about how industry professionals view WASP optimization challenges — with some notable trends over the 2022 survey — and how wind and weather observations will help address these challenges the most, now and in the future.